(September 9,2024)
The United Nations General Assembly is likely to vote next week on a Palestinian draft resolution demanding Israel end „its unlawful presence in the Occupied Palestinian Territory“ within six months.
The key aim of the draft resolution, written by the Palestinian Authority and seen by Reuters, is to welcome a July advisory opinion by the International Court of Justice that said Israel‘s occupation of Palestinian territories and settlements is illegal and should be withdrawn.
Ever since then-PLO chairman Yasser Arafat, infamously carrying a pistol, spoke at the UN in 1974, the Palestinian situation has not significantly changed. In fact, as the situation in Gaza attests, it has only gotten worse – despite the PA winning vote after vote in the UN General Assembly.
If the Palestinians had spent the same energy over the past half-century building up the areas under their control in the West Bank and Gaza rather than demonizing Israel on the world stage, their situation today would be markedly different and much better.
Applications
Rule 134
Any State which desires to become a Member of the United Nations shall submit an application to the Secretary-General. Such application shall contain a declaration, made in a formal instrument, that the State in question accepts the obligations contained in the Charter. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of applications
Rule 135
The Secretary-General shall, for information, send a copy of the application to the General Assembly, or to the Members of the United Nations if the Assembly is not in session. [See introduction, para. 8]
Consideration of applications and decision thereon
Rule 136
If the Security Council recommends the applicant State for membership, the General Assembly shall consider whether the applicant is a peace-loving State and is able and willing to carry out the obligations contained in the Charter and shall decide, by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting, upon its application for membership.
Rule 137
If the Security Council does not recommend the applicant State for membership or postpones the consideration of the application, the General Assembly may, after full consideration of the special report of the Security Council, send the application back to the Council, together with a full record of the discussion in the Assembly, for further consideration and recommendation or report. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of decision and effective date of membership
Rule 138
The Secretary-General shall inform the applicant State of the decision of the General Assembly. If the application is approved, membership shall become effective on the date on which the General Assembly takes its decision on the application. [See introduction, para. 8]
The May vote by the General Assembly was a global survey of support for the Palestinian bid to become a full member – a move that would effectively recognize a Palestinian state – after the United States vetoed it in the U.N. Security Council in April.
The Palestinians remain a non-member observer state as the 15-member Security Council has not acted on the General Assembly recommendation.
(October 25, 2011)
On Oct. 25, 1971, the United Nations General Assembly voted to admit the People’s Republic of China (mainland China) and to expel the Republic of China (Taiwan). The Communist P.R.C. therefore assumed the R.O.C.’s place in the General Assembly as well as its place as one of the five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council. (…)
The United States, the most significant opponent of the resolution, then argued for the P.R.C. to be admitted separately from the R.O.C., which would have allowed the R.O.C. to retain its spot. The proposal was defeated.
(Nov. 13, 1974)
The vote of 91 to 22 was taken to uphold a ruling by the Assembly‘s President, Foreign Minister Abdelaziz Bouteflika of Algeria, suspending South African participation.
The United States unsuccessfully challenged the ruling, Which was also opposed by Britain, a number of Western Europeans and South Americans, and some others. Nineteen countries abstained.
Applications
Rule 134
Any State which desires to become a Member of the United Nations shall submit an application to the Secretary-General. Such application shall contain a declaration, made in a formal instrument, that the State in question accepts the obligations contained in the Charter. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of applications
Rule 135
The Secretary-General shall, for information, send a copy of the application to the General Assembly, or to the Members of the United Nations if the Assembly is not in session. [See introduction, para. 8]
Consideration of applications and decision thereon
Rule 136
If the Security Council recommends the applicant State for membership, the General Assembly shall consider whether the applicant is a peace-loving State and is able and willing to carry out the obligations contained in the Charter and shall decide, by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting, upon its application for membership.
Rule 137
If the Security Council does not recommend the applicant State for membership or postpones the consideration of the application, the General Assembly may, after full consideration of the special report of the Security Council, send the application back to the Council, together with a full record of the discussion in the Assembly, for further consideration and recommendation or report. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of decision and effective date of membership
Rule 138
The Secretary-General shall inform the applicant State of the decision of the General Assembly. If the application is approved, membership shall become effective on the date on which the General Assembly takes its decision on the application. [See introduction, para. 8]
Applications
Rule 134
Any State which desires to become a Member of the United Nations shall submit an application to the Secretary-General. Such application shall contain a declaration, made in a formal instrument, that the State in question accepts the obligations contained in the Charter. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of applications
Rule 135
The Secretary-General shall, for information, send a copy of the application to the General Assembly, or to the Members of the United Nations if the Assembly is not in session. [See introduction, para. 8]
Consideration of applications and decision thereon
Rule 136
If the Security Council recommends the applicant State for membership, the General Assembly shall consider whether the applicant is a peace-loving State and is able and willing to carry out the obligations contained in the Charter and shall decide, by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting, upon its application for membership.
Rule 137
If the Security Council does not recommend the applicant State for membership or postpones the consideration of the application, the General Assembly may, after full consideration of the special report of the Security Council, send the application back to the Council, together with a full record of the discussion in the Assembly, for further consideration and recommendation or report. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of decision and effective date of membership
Rule 138
The Secretary-General shall inform the applicant State of the decision of the General Assembly. If the application is approved, membership shall become effective on the date on which the General Assembly takes its decision on the application. [See introduction, para. 8]
(1. März 2024)
Gestern habe ich ein Video aus einer Diskussionsveranstaltung zur Aufarbeitung der Coronakrise geschnitten. Die Diskussionsveranstaltung fand bereits am 24. Januar 2024 an der Universität Graz statt unter dem Titel “Gesellschaft im Ausnahmezustand – Was lernen wir aus der Coronakrise?“. Auf dem Podium waren Heinz Bude (Uni Kassel), Alexander Bogner (ÖAW Wien) und Klaus Kraemer (Uni Graz). Moderiert wurde die Diskussion von Daphne Hruby (freie Mitarbeiterin beim ORF.
(…)
Heinz Bude: Jetzt noch einmal aus dem Nähkästchen geplaudert. Wir haben gesagt, wir mussten, wir müssen ein Modell finden, um Folgebereitschaft herzustellen, das so ein bisschen wissenschaftsähnlich ist. Und das war diese Formel „Flatten the curve“, dass wir gesagt haben „Wie können wir die Leute zu überzeugen, mitzutun?“ Wir sagen denen, es sieht so nach Wissenschaft aus, ne? Man sagt, „wenn ihr, wenn ihr schön diszipliniert seid, könnt ihr die Kurve verändern“. Das heißt quasi man kann – es gibt eine Veranschaulichung von individuellen Verhaltensveränderungen in einer Art von wissenschaftlicher Darstellbarkeit. Das war in dieser, in dieser Form mit drin. Das haben wir geklaut von einem Wissenschaftsjournalisten haben wir nicht selber erfunden. Aber wir fanden das irgendwie toll, dass man so, also dass man so ein quasi Wissenschaftsargument noch in der Art der Erzeugung von… (Heinz Bude wird an dieser Stelle unterbrochen. Der weitere Redebeitrag setzt wenige Minuten später wieder ein)
Also das ist glaube ich jetzt ein ganz wichtiger Punkt. Meiner Ansicht nach laufen wir auf wieder singuläre Krisen absehbar hinaus. In unserer gesellschaftlichen Entwicklung. Nehmen wir nur Extremwetterereignisse und singuläre Krisen, die ich vor Augen sehe, werden damit zu tun haben, dass man auf individuelles Verhalten zugreifen muss. Also indem etwa bei Extremwetterereignissen wird man Leute evakuieren müssen. Man wird Leuten sagen müssen, Du kannst dein Haus nicht mehr an dieser Stelle aufbauen. Und man wird Zwang ausüben müssen auf Leute, die sagen, ich habe aber andere Informationen, ich lasse mich hier nicht evakuieren. Und zwar legitimen Zwang. Wir werden mit Situationen vermehrt zu tun haben in der Zukunft. Solche Art von Krisen, die individuelle Verhaltensveränderungen verlangen, wenn man den Krisen als Gesellschaft in kollektiver Handlungsfähigkeit standhalten will. Und das ist das entscheidende Argument. Können wir das überhaupt in einer modernen liberalen Gesellschaft? Geht das eigentlich? Und muss man da nicht hinterrücks ganz furchtbare Dinge wie Angstkommunikation, also sozialpsychologische Dinge benutzen, um solche Arten von Folgebereitschaften zur Veränderung von individuellem Verhalten vorzunehmen? Das ist ein Unterschied, als ob man eine Krise wie 2008/2009 durch eine Stellschraubenveränderung in Bezug auf die Finanzmärkte lösen kann. Das ist eine andere Sorte von Krisenlösung. Die Krisenlösungen, die uns bevorstehen, haben den Charakter von Kriegen, sie haben den Charakter von Pandemien, und die haben den Charakter von Extremwetterereignissen. Das ist absehbar. Auch Europa wird in mittlerer Frist noch wieder Kriege haben. Und da sind die Dinge, wo man sich überlegen muss, Welche Art von Vorratsreflexion sozialwissenschaftlicher Art braucht man auf diese absehbare Herausforderung, die vor uns steht?
Applications
Rule 134
Any State which desires to become a Member of the United Nations shall submit an application to the Secretary-General. Such application shall contain a declaration, made in a formal instrument, that the State in question accepts the obligations contained in the Charter. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of applications
Rule 135
The Secretary-General shall, for information, send a copy of the application to the General Assembly, or to the Members of the United Nations if the Assembly is not in session. [See introduction, para. 8]
Consideration of applications and decision thereon
Rule 136
If the Security Council recommends the applicant State for membership, the General Assembly shall consider whether the applicant is a peace-loving State and is able and willing to carry out the obligations contained in the Charter and shall decide, by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting, upon its application for membership.
Rule 137
If the Security Council does not recommend the applicant State for membership or postpones the consideration of the application, the General Assembly may, after full consideration of the special report of the Security Council, send the application back to the Council, together with a full record of the discussion in the Assembly, for further consideration and recommendation or report. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of decision and effective date of membership
Rule 138 PDF
The Secretary-General shall inform the applicant State of the decision of the General Assembly. If the application is approved, membership shall become effective on the date on which the General Assembly takes its decision on the application. [See introduction, para. 8]
Rule 8
(a) Special sessions of the General Assembly shall be convened within fifteen days of the receipt by the Secretary-General of a request for such a session from the Security Council or from a majority of the Members of the United Nations or of the concurrence of a majority of Members as provided in rule 9.
(b) Emergency special sessions pursuant to General Assembly resolution 377 A (V) shall be convened within twenty-four hours of the receipt by the Secretary-General of a request for such a session from the Security Council, on the vote of any nine members thereof, or of a request from a majority of the Members of the United Nations expressed by vote in the Interim Committee or otherwise, or of the concurrence of a majority of Members as provided in rule 9.
Request by Members
Rule 9
(a) Any Member of the United Nations may request the Secretary-General to convene a special session of the General Assembly. The Secretary-General shall immediately inform the other Members of the request and inquire whether they concur in it. If within thirty days of the date of the communication of the Secretary-General a majority of the Members concur in the request, a special session of the General Assembly shall be convened in accordance with rule 8.
(b) This rule shall apply also to a request by any Member of the United Nations for an emergency special session pursuant to resolution 377 A (V). In such a case, the Secretary-General shall communicate with the other Members by the most expeditious means of communication available.
Applications
Rule 134
Any State which desires to become a Member of the United Nations shall submit an application to the Secretary-General. Such application shall contain a declaration, made in a formal instrument, that the State in question accepts the obligations contained in the Charter. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of applications
Rule 135
The Secretary-General shall, for information, send a copy of the application to the General Assembly, or to the Members of the United Nations if the Assembly is not in session. [See introduction, para. 8]
Consideration of applications and decision thereon
Rule 136
If the Security Council recommends the applicant State for membership, the General Assembly shall consider whether the applicant is a peace-loving State and is able and willing to carry out the obligations contained in the Charter and shall decide, by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting, upon its application for membership.
Rule 137
If the Security Council does not recommend the applicant State for membership or postpones the consideration of the application, the General Assembly may, after full consideration of the special report of the Security Council, send the application back to the Council, together with a full record of the discussion in the Assembly, for further consideration and recommendation or report. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of decision and effective date of membership
Rule 138 PDF
The Secretary-General shall inform the applicant State of the decision of the General Assembly. If the application is approved, membership shall become effective on the date on which the General Assembly takes its decision on the application. [See introduction, para. 8]
A copy of the „90-page psychological warfare manual“ produced by the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency for Nicaraguan rebels in the late 1970s or early 1980s
(18.12.2017)
During the U.S. government‘s decade-long support of the Contra rebels who waged an armed campaign against Nicaragua’s leftist Sandinista regime in the 1980s, the CIA funneled all manner of assistance to the anti-socialist “freedom fighters,” from training and financial assistance to covert operations. The original “advise and assist” mission was a disaster in retrospect, spurring all manner of human rights violations as well as the modern crack cocaine scourge. But the CIA aid program’s most fascinating product might be the batshit crazy psychological warfare manual cooked up for the Nicaraguan counter-revolutionaries.
The British public should realise that Muslim scapegoats today, much like the Jewish, Irish or Black scapegoats used by demagogues yesterday, are not their enemies
In an earlier statement, Gove‘s Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities said the definition had been updated to respond to an “increased extremist threat since October 7 terror attacks in Israel”, citing an increase in reported antisemitic and anti-Muslim hate crimes.
It said the new definition would be used by government departments and officials to help them decide which groups they should engage with and fund, and to identify “extremist organisations, individuals and behaviours”.
But it said: “This definition is not statutory and has no effect on the existing criminal law – it applies to the operations of Government itself.”
After all, a rise in “Jew hatred” is all but inevitable if you redefine antisemitism, as western officials have recently done via the International Holocaust Remembrance Alliance’s new definition, to include antipathy towards Israel – and at the moment when Israel appears, even to the World Court, to be carrying out a genocide.
The logic of Israel and its supporters runs something like this:
Many more people than usual are expressing hatred of Israel, the self-declared state of the Jewish people. There is no reason to hate Israel unless you hate what it represents, which is Jews. Therefore, antisemitism is on the rise.
Applications
Rule 134
Any State which desires to become a Member of the United Nations shall submit an application to the Secretary-General. Such application shall contain a declaration, made in a formal instrument, that the State in question accepts the obligations contained in the Charter. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of applications
Rule 135
The Secretary-General shall, for information, send a copy of the application to the General Assembly, or to the Members of the United Nations if the Assembly is not in session. [See introduction, para. 8]
Consideration of applications and decision thereon
Rule 136
If the Security Council recommends the applicant State for membership, the General Assembly shall consider whether the applicant is a peace-loving State and is able and willing to carry out the obligations contained in the Charter and shall decide, by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting, upon its application for membership.
Rule 137
If the Security Council does not recommend the applicant State for membership or postpones the consideration of the application, the General Assembly may, after full consideration of the special report of the Security Council, send the application back to the Council, together with a full record of the discussion in the Assembly, for further consideration and recommendation or report. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of decision and effective date of membership
Rule 138 PDF
The Secretary-General shall inform the applicant State of the decision of the General Assembly. If the application is approved, membership shall become effective on the date on which the General Assembly takes its decision on the application. [See introduction, para. 8]
Applications
Rule 134
Any State which desires to become a Member of the United Nations shall submit an application to the Secretary-General. Such application shall contain a declaration, made in a formal instrument, that the State in question accepts the obligations contained in the Charter. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of applications
Rule 135
The Secretary-General shall, for information, send a copy of the application to the General Assembly, or to the Members of the United Nations if the Assembly is not in session. [See introduction, para. 8]
Consideration of applications and decision thereon
Rule 136
If the Security Council recommends the applicant State for membership, the General Assembly shall consider whether the applicant is a peace-loving State and is able and willing to carry out the obligations contained in the Charter and shall decide, by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting, upon its application for membership.
Rule 137
If the Security Council does not recommend the applicant State for membership or postpones the consideration of the application, the General Assembly may, after full consideration of the special report of the Security Council, send the application back to the Council, together with a full record of the discussion in the Assembly, for further consideration and recommendation or report. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of decision and effective date of membership
Rule 138 PDF
The Secretary-General shall inform the applicant State of the decision of the General Assembly. If the application is approved, membership shall become effective on the date on which the General Assembly takes its decision on the application. [See introduction, para. 8]
Rule 8
(a) Special sessions of the General Assembly shall be convened within fifteen days of the receipt by the Secretary-General of a request for such a session from the Security Council or from a majority of the Members of the United Nations or of the concurrence of a majority of Members as provided in rule 9.
(b) Emergency special sessions pursuant to General Assembly resolution 377 A (V) shall be convened within twenty-four hours of the receipt by the Secretary-General of a request for such a session from the Security Council, on the vote of any nine members thereof, or of a request from a majority of the Members of the United Nations expressed by vote in the Interim Committee or otherwise, or of the concurrence of a majority of Members as provided in rule 9.
Request by Members
Rule 9
(a) Any Member of the United Nations may request the Secretary-General to convene a special session of the General Assembly. The Secretary-General shall immediately inform the other Members of the request and inquire whether they concur in it. If within thirty days of the date of the communication of the Secretary-General a majority of the Members concur in the request, a special session of the General Assembly shall be convened in accordance with rule 8.
(b) This rule shall apply also to a request by any Member of the United Nations for an emergency special session pursuant to resolution 377 A (V). In such a case, the Secretary-General shall communicate with the other Members by the most expeditious means of communication available.
(16.01.2024)
Am 16.11.2022 ist die Verordnung (EU) 2022/2065 des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 19.10.2022 über den Binnenmarkt für digitale Dienste (Digital Services Act – im Folgenden DSA genannt) in Kraft getreten.
Sie gilt spätestens ab dem 17.02.2024 unmittelbar in jedem EU-Mitgliedstaat in erster Linie für „sehr große Online-Plattformen und sehr große Online-Suchmaschinen“ (Art. 33 Abs. 4, Art. 92, 93 Abs. 2 DSA).
Diese werden unter Androhung empfindlicher finanzieller Sanktionen verpflichtet, alle ihre Inhalte zu kontrollieren und gegebenenfalls zu löschen. Und sie werden dabei kontrolliert von der EU-Kommission, von staatlichen Koordinatoren und von zivilgesellschaftlichen Hinweisgebern.
Trotz seiner unmittelbaren Geltung im deutschen Recht bedarf der DSA eines konkretisierenden nationalen Ausführungsgesetzes. Ein Entwurf dieses Digitale-Dienste-Gesetzes (DDG-Entwurf) wurde von der Bundesregierung am 20.12.2023 verabschiedet.
Beraten und beschlossen werden soll er im Bundestag vor dem 17.02.2024.
(…)
In Erwägungsgrund Nr. 5 wird schon zwischen der „Vermittlung und Verbreitung rechtswidriger oder anderweitig schädlicher Informationen und Tätigkeiten“ unterschieden (Hervorhebung d. Verf.). Auch Art. 34 Abs. 1 DSA spricht in Abs. 1 a von der „Verbreitung rechtswidriger Inhalte über ihre Dienste“, in Abs. 1 b-d allerdings nur noch von Informationen mit „nachteiligen Auswirkungen“, die nicht rechtswidrig sein müssen.
(…)
Im Zentrum, jedenfalls des nationalstaatlichen Geschehens, steht der von jedem Mitgliedstaat bis zum 17.02.2024 zu ernennende „Koordinator für digitale Dienste“ (KdD).
Applications
Rule 134
Any State which desires to become a Member of the United Nations shall submit an application to the Secretary-General. Such application shall contain a declaration, made in a formal instrument, that the State in question accepts the obligations contained in the Charter. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of applications
Rule 135
The Secretary-General shall, for information, send a copy of the application to the General Assembly, or to the Members of the United Nations if the Assembly is not in session. [See introduction, para. 8]
Consideration of applications and decision thereon
Rule 136
If the Security Council recommends the applicant State for membership, the General Assembly shall consider whether the applicant is a peace-loving State and is able and willing to carry out the obligations contained in the Charter and shall decide, by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting, upon its application for membership.
Rule 137
If the Security Council does not recommend the applicant State for membership or postpones the consideration of the application, the General Assembly may, after full consideration of the special report of the Security Council, send the application back to the Council, together with a full record of the discussion in the Assembly, for further consideration and recommendation or report. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of decision and effective date of membership
Rule 138 PDF
The Secretary-General shall inform the applicant State of the decision of the General Assembly. If the application is approved, membership shall become effective on the date on which the General Assembly takes its decision on the application. [See introduction, para. 8]
Rule 8
(a) Special sessions of the General Assembly shall be convened within fifteen days of the receipt by the Secretary-General of a request for such a session from the Security Council or from a majority of the Members of the United Nations or of the concurrence of a majority of Members as provided in rule 9.
(b) Emergency special sessions pursuant to General Assembly resolution 377 A (V) shall be convened within twenty-four hours of the receipt by the Secretary-General of a request for such a session from the Security Council, on the vote of any nine members thereof, or of a request from a majority of the Members of the United Nations expressed by vote in the Interim Committee or otherwise, or of the concurrence of a majority of Members as provided in rule 9.
Request by Members
Rule 9
(a) Any Member of the United Nations may request the Secretary-General to convene a special session of the General Assembly. The Secretary-General shall immediately inform the other Members of the request and inquire whether they concur in it. If within thirty days of the date of the communication of the Secretary-General a majority of the Members concur in the request, a special session of the General Assembly shall be convened in accordance with rule 8.
(b) This rule shall apply also to a request by any Member of the United Nations for an emergency special session pursuant to resolution 377 A (V). In such a case, the Secretary-General shall communicate with the other Members by the most expeditious means of communication available.
Israel must take any measures to prevent and punish any incitement of genocidal statements against the Palestinian population.
Israel must take effective measures to provide relief to Palestinians.
It must stop the destruction of infrastructure.
The court states that Israel must submit a report one month from the judgement to show it has complied with the provisional measures. The provisional measures have binding effect.
Israel must share the report with RSA.
The court deems it necessary to emphasise that all parties are bound to international humanitarian law. The court mentions those abducted by Hamas – although mentions nothing about Palestinians political prisoners.
15-2 the judges ruled, that Israel must take all measures to stop acts that contravene Art 2 of the genocide convention.
(19:49 GMT)
The United Kingdom Maritime Trade Operations (UKMTO) and British maritime security firm Ambrey said they received reports of a ship being attacked near the port city of Aden.
The „vessel has been hit on port side by an uncrewed aerial system,“ the organisation said. It added that the vessel and crew are safe and are continuing the journey
Over the past months, Yemen-based Houthi militants have engaged in unprecedented attacks against United States military forces and international maritime vessels operating in the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. These attacks fit the textbook definition of terrorism. They have endangered U.S. personnel, civilian mariners, and our partners, jeopardized global trade, and threatened freedom of navigation. The United States and the international community have been united in our response and in condemning these attacks in the strongest terms.
Today, in response to these continuing threats and attacks, the United States announced the designation of Ansarallah, also known as the Houthis, as a Specially Designated Global Terrorist.
Underscoring the urgency, arguments will be held on Feb. 8, during what is normally a nearly monthlong winter break for the justices. The compressed timeframe could allow the court to produce a decision before Super Tuesday on March 5, when the largest number of delegates are up for grabs in a single day, including in Colorado.
The high court’s decision to hear the case puts the nine justices squarely in the middle of the 2024 election as voting starts in the early primary contests and represents the court’s most significant involvement in a presidential race since its highly consequential decision 23 years ago in Bush v. Gore.
(Adopted by Resolution 260 (III) A of the United Nations General Assembly on 9 December 1948.)
Article I
The Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish.
Article II
In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:
(a) Killing members of the group;
(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
Article III
The following acts shall be punishable:
(a) Genocide;
(b) Conspiracy to commit genocide;
(c) Direct and public incitement to commit genocide;
(d) Attempt to commit genocide;
(e) Complicity in genocide.
Article IV
Persons committing genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III shall be punished, whether they are constitutionally responsible rulers, public officials or private individuals.
(…)
Article IX
Disputes between the Contracting Parties relating to the interpretation, application or fulfilment of the present Convention, including those relating to the responsibility of a State for genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III, shall be submitted to the International Court of Justice at the request of any of the parties to the dispute.
(Dec 11, 2023)
Legal experts and scholars have been warning since October that U.S. officials could be rendering themselves complicit in war crimes—and genocide—by continuing to arm the Israeli military as it wages indiscriminate war on the Gaza Strip.
Tlaib echoed that warning Monday, noting that the Biden administration has opted to „give weapons to a military that is very publicly and actively committing serious war crimes and crimes against humanity.“
Artikel I: Die Vertragschließenden Parteien bestätigen, daß Völkermord, ob im Frieden oder im Krieg begangen, ein Verbrechen gemäß internationalem Recht ist; sie verpflichten sich zu seiner Verhütung und Bestrafung.
Artikel II: In dieser Konvention bedeutet Völkermord eine der folgenden Handlungen, die in der Absicht begangen wird, eine nationale, ethnische, rassische oder religiöse Gruppe als solche ganz oder teilweise zu zerstören:
(a) Tötung von Mitgliedern der Gruppe;
(b) Verursachung von schwerem körperlichem oder seelischem Schaden an Mitgliedern der
Gruppe;
(c) vorsätzliche Auferlegung von Lebensbedingungen für die Gruppe, die geeignet sind, ihre körperliche Zerstörung ganz oder teilweise herbeizuführen;
(d) Verhängung von Maßnahmen, die auf die Geburtenverhinderung innerhalb der Gruppe
gerichtet sind;
(e) gewaltsame Überführung von Kindern der Gruppe in eine andere Gruppe.
Artikel III: Die folgenden Handlungen sind zu bestrafen:
(a) Völkermord,
(b) Verschwörung zur Begehung von Völkermord,
(c) unmittelbare und öffentliche Aufhetzung zur Begehung von Völkermord,
(d) Versuch, Völkermord zu begehen,
(e) Teilnahme am Völkermord.
Artikel IV: Personen, die Völkermord oder eine der sonstigen in Artikel II aufgeführtenvHandlungen begehen, sind zu bestrafen, gleichviel ob sie regierende Personen, öffentliche Beamte oder private Einzelpersonen sind.
(Adopted by Resolution 260 (III) A of the United Nations General Assembly on 9 December 1948.)
Article I
The Contracting Parties confirm that genocide, whether committed in time of peace or in time of war, is a crime under international law which they undertake to prevent and to punish.
Article II
In the present Convention, genocide means any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group, as such:
(a) Killing members of the group;
(b) Causing serious bodily or mental harm to members of the group;
(c) Deliberately inflicting on the group conditions of life calculated to bring about its physical destruction in whole or in part;
(d) Imposing measures intended to prevent births within the group;
(e) Forcibly transferring children of the group to another group.
Article III
The following acts shall be punishable:
(a) Genocide;
(b) Conspiracy to commit genocide;
(c) Direct and public incitement to commit genocide;
(d) Attempt to commit genocide;
(e) Complicity in genocide.
Article IV
Persons committing genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III shall be punished, whether they are constitutionally responsible rulers, public officials or private individuals.
(…)
Article IX
Disputes between the Contracting Parties relating to the interpretation, application or fulfilment of the present Convention, including those relating to the responsibility of a State for genocide or any of the other acts enumerated in article III, shall be submitted to the International Court of Justice at the request of any of the parties to the dispute.
Applications
Rule 134
Any State which desires to become a Member of the United Nations shall submit an application to the Secretary-General. Such application shall contain a declaration, made in a formal instrument, that the State in question accepts the obligations contained in the Charter. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of applications
Rule 135
The Secretary-General shall, for information, send a copy of the application to the General Assembly, or to the Members of the United Nations if the Assembly is not in session. [See introduction, para. 8]
Consideration of applications and decision thereon
Rule 136
If the Security Council recommends the applicant State for membership, the General Assembly shall consider whether the applicant is a peace-loving State and is able and willing to carry out the obligations contained in the Charter and shall decide, by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting, upon its application for membership.
Rule 137
If the Security Council does not recommend the applicant State for membership or postpones the consideration of the application, the General Assembly may, after full consideration of the special report of the Security Council, send the application back to the Council, together with a full record of the discussion in the Assembly, for further consideration and recommendation or report. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of decision and effective date of membership
Rule 138 PDF
The Secretary-General shall inform the applicant State of the decision of the General Assembly. If the application is approved, membership shall become effective on the date on which the General Assembly takes its decision on the application. [See introduction, para. 8]
Rule 8
(a) Special sessions of the General Assembly shall be convened within fifteen days of the receipt by the Secretary-General of a request for such a session from the Security Council or from a majority of the Members of the United Nations or of the concurrence of a majority of Members as provided in rule 9.
(b) Emergency special sessions pursuant to General Assembly resolution 377 A (V) shall be convened within twenty-four hours of the receipt by the Secretary-General of a request for such a session from the Security Council, on the vote of any nine members thereof, or of a request from a majority of the Members of the United Nations expressed by vote in the Interim Committee or otherwise, or of the concurrence of a majority of Members as provided in rule 9.
Request by Members
Rule 9
(a) Any Member of the United Nations may request the Secretary-General to convene a special session of the General Assembly. The Secretary-General shall immediately inform the other Members of the request and inquire whether they concur in it. If within thirty days of the date of the communication of the Secretary-General a majority of the Members concur in the request, a special session of the General Assembly shall be convened in accordance with rule 8.
(b) This rule shall apply also to a request by any Member of the United Nations for an emergency special session pursuant to resolution 377 A (V). In such a case, the Secretary-General shall communicate with the other Members by the most expeditious means of communication available.
Rule 8
(a) Special sessions of the General Assembly shall be convened within fifteen days of the receipt by the Secretary-General of a request for such a session from the Security Council or from a majority of the Members of the United Nations or of the concurrence of a majority of Members as provided in rule 9.
(b) Emergency special sessions pursuant to General Assembly resolution 377 A (V) shall be convened within twenty-four hours of the receipt by the Secretary-General of a request for such a session from the Security Council, on the vote of any nine members thereof, or of a request from a majority of the Members of the United Nations expressed by vote in the Interim Committee or otherwise, or of the concurrence of a majority of Members as provided in rule 9.
Request by Members
Rule 9
(a) Any Member of the United Nations may request the Secretary-General to convene a special session of the General Assembly. The Secretary-General shall immediately inform the other Members of the request and inquire whether they concur in it. If within thirty days of the date of the communication of the Secretary-General a majority of the Members concur in the request, a special session of the General Assembly shall be convened in accordance with rule 8.
(b) This rule shall apply also to a request by any Member of the United Nations for an emergency special session pursuant to resolution 377 A (V). In such a case, the Secretary-General shall communicate with the other Members by the most expeditious means of communication available.
(20.11.2023)
Applications
Rule 134
Any State which desires to become a Member of the United Nations shall submit an application to the Secretary-General. Such application shall contain a declaration, made in a formal instrument, that the State in question accepts the obligations contained in the Charter. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of applications
Rule 135
The Secretary-General shall, for information, send a copy of the application to the General Assembly, or to the Members of the United Nations if the Assembly is not in session. [See introduction, para. 8]
Consideration of applications and decision thereon
Rule 136
If the Security Council recommends the applicant State for membership, the General Assembly shall consider whether the applicant is a peace-loving State and is able and willing to carry out the obligations contained in the Charter and shall decide, by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting, upon its application for membership.
Rule 137
If the Security Council does not recommend the applicant State for membership or postpones the consideration of the application, the General Assembly may, after full consideration of the special report of the Security Council, send the application back to the Council, together with a full record of the discussion in the Assembly, for further consideration and recommendation or report. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of decision and effective date of membership
Rule 138 PDF
The Secretary-General shall inform the applicant State of the decision of the General Assembly. If the application is approved, membership shall become effective on the date on which the General Assembly takes its decision on the application. [See introduction, para. 8]
Rule 8
(a) Special sessions of the General Assembly shall be convened within fifteen days of the receipt by the Secretary-General of a request for such a session from the Security Council or from a majority of the Members of the United Nations or of the concurrence of a majority of Members as provided in rule 9.
(b) Emergency special sessions pursuant to General Assembly resolution 377 A (V) shall be convened within twenty-four hours of the receipt by the Secretary-General of a request for such a session from the Security Council, on the vote of any nine members thereof, or of a request from a majority of the Members of the United Nations expressed by vote in the Interim Committee or otherwise, or of the concurrence of a majority of Members as provided in rule 9.
Request by Members
Rule 9
(a) Any Member of the United Nations may request the Secretary-General to convene a special session of the General Assembly. The Secretary-General shall immediately inform the other Members of the request and inquire whether they concur in it. If within thirty days of the date of the communication of the Secretary-General a majority of the Members concur in the request, a special session of the General Assembly shall be convened in accordance with rule 8.
(b) This rule shall apply also to a request by any Member of the United Nations for an emergency special session pursuant to resolution 377 A (V). In such a case, the Secretary-General shall communicate with the other Members by the most expeditious means of communication available.
Applications
Rule 134
Any State which desires to become a Member of the United Nations shall submit an application to the Secretary-General. Such application shall contain a declaration, made in a formal instrument, that the State in question accepts the obligations contained in the Charter. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of applications
Rule 135
The Secretary-General shall, for information, send a copy of the application to the General Assembly, or to the Members of the United Nations if the Assembly is not in session. [See introduction, para. 8]
Consideration of applications and decision thereon
Rule 136
If the Security Council recommends the applicant State for membership, the General Assembly shall consider whether the applicant is a peace-loving State and is able and willing to carry out the obligations contained in the Charter and shall decide, by a two-thirds majority of the members present and voting, upon its application for membership.
Rule 137
If the Security Council does not recommend the applicant State for membership or postpones the consideration of the application, the General Assembly may, after full consideration of the special report of the Security Council, send the application back to the Council, together with a full record of the discussion in the Assembly, for further consideration and recommendation or report. [See introduction, para. 8]
Notification of decision and effective date of membership
Rule 138 PDF
The Secretary-General shall inform the applicant State of the decision of the General Assembly. If the application is approved, membership shall become effective on the date on which the General Assembly takes its decision on the application. [See introduction, para. 8]
Article 42
Should the Security Council consider that measures provided for in Article 41 would be inadequate or have proved to be inadequate, it may take such action by air, sea, or land forces as may be necessary to maintain or restore international peace and security. Such action may include demonstrations, blockade, and other operations by air, sea, or land forces of members of the Renewed United Nations, when peaceful solutions to the conflict, leading to freedom, personal responsibility, self-determination, increased prosperity and further implemenations of fundamental rights and freedoms for the population of the territory are simultaneously proposed or put into effect.
(7. Juni 2016)
Der Staat will sein jahrzehntelang mit Wissen aller Parteien, der gesamten Presse und jeder etablierten Organisation betriebenes Raubkopieren der gesamten Telekommunikation im und über das Territorium der Republik von der Verordnungsebene ins B.N.D.-Gesetz befördern.
Die Republik ist derweil weiterhin außer Funktion gesetzt.
Die nach Kriegsbeginn in 2001 von der Regierung in ihrer ersten Form erlassene und in 2002 zur offiziellen “strategischen Überwachung der Telekommunikation” (Zitat aus der „Begründung zum Entwurf für eine Erste Verordnung zur Änderung Telekommunikations-Überwachungsverordnung“ vom 29. April 2002) ausgebauten Telekommunikations-Überwachungsordnung (TKÜV) verpflichtet heute jeden relevanten Provider,
„die Aufstellung und den Betrieb von Geräten des Bundesnachrichtendienstes zu dulden, die nur von hierzu besonders ermächtigten Bediensteten des Bundesnachrichtendienstes eingestellt und gewartet werden dürfen“
und dem Bundesnachrichtendienst (B.N.D.) eine
„vollständige Kopie der Telekommunikation“
zu übergeben.
Heise.de dazu bereits am 1.Februar 2002:
„Offenbar, so vermuten nun Experten, will der Bundesnachrichtendienst wohl nun selbst 100 Prozent erfassen, um dann freiwillig nur 20 Prozent auszuwerten.“
Im Sinne dieser Verordnung ist
1. Anordnung
a) im Sinne der Teile 2 und 3 die Anordnung zur Überwachung der Telekommunikation nach § 100e der Strafprozessordnung, § 10 des Artikel 10-Gesetzes, § 74 des Zollfahndungsdienstgesetzes, § 51 des Bundeskriminalamtgesetzes, § 25 Absatz 1 Satz 1 des BND-Gesetzes oder nach Landesrecht und
b) im Sinne des Teils 4 die Anordnung zur Erteilung von Auskünften über Verkehrsdaten nach § 100g in Verbindung mit § 101a Absatz 1 der Strafprozessordnung, § 8a Absatz 1 Satz 1 Nummer 4 des Bundesverfassungsschutzgesetzes, auch in Verbindung mit § 4a des MAD-Gesetzes oder § 3 des BND-Gesetzes, § 52 des Bundeskriminalamtgesetzes, § 77 des Zollfahndungsdienstgesetzes oder nach Landesrecht;
(…)
§ 3 Kreis der Verpflichteten
(1) Die Vorschriften dieses Teils gelten für die Betreiber von Telekommunikationsanlagen, mit denen öffentlich zugängliche Telekommunikationsdienste erbracht werden. Werden mit einer Telekommunikationsanlage sowohl öffentlich zugängliche Telekommunikationsdienste als auch andere Telekommunikationsdienste erbracht, gelten die Vorschriften nur für den Teil der Telekommunikationsanlage, der der Erbringung von öffentlich zugänglichen Telekommunikationsdiensten dient.
(2) Für Telekommunikationsanlagen im Sinne von Absatz 1 müssen keine Vorkehrungen getroffen werden, soweit
1.
es sich um ein Telekommunikationsnetz handelt, das Telekommunikationsnetze miteinander verbindet und keine Telekommunikationsanschlüsse aufweist,
2.
sie Netzknoten sind, die der Zusammenschaltung mit dem Internet dienen,
(…)
Satz 1 Nummer 1 und 5 gilt nicht für Netzknoten, die der Vermittlung eines öffentlich zugänglichen Sprachkommunikationsdienstes ins Ausland dienen. Satz 1 Nummer 1 und 2 gilt nicht im Hinblick auf Vorkehrungen zur Erfüllung der Verpflichtung aus § 170 Absatz 1 Satz 1 Nummer 2 des Telekommunikationsgesetzes.
(3) § 100a Absatz 4 Satz 1 der Strafprozessordnung, § 2 Absatz 1a Satz 1 Nummer 1 bis 3 des Artikel 10-Gesetzes, § 72 Absatz 7 des Zollfahndungsdienstgesetzes, § 51 Absatz 6 Satz 1 des Bundeskriminalamtgesetzes sowie die Vorschriften des Landesrechts über Maßnahmen zur Überwachung der Telekommunikation bleiben von den Absätzen 1 und 2 unberührt.
§ 5 Grundsätze
(…)
(2) Zur technischen Umsetzung einer Anordnung hat der Verpflichtete der berechtigten Stelle am Übergabepunkt eine vollständige Kopie der durch die zu überwachende Kennung bezeichneten Telekommunikation bereitzustellen, die über seine Telekommunikationsanlage abgewickelt wird.
(…)
§ 8 Übergabepunkt#
(1) Der Verpflichtete hat seine Überwachungseinrichtungen so zu gestalten, dass die Überwachungskopie an einem Übergabepunkt bereitgestellt wird, der den Vorschriften dieser Verordnung und den Vorgaben der Technischen Richtlinie nach § 36 entspricht.
(…)
(3) Wenn der Verpflichtete die ihm zur Übermittlung anvertraute Telekommunikation netzseitig durch technische Maßnahmen gegen unbefugte Kenntnisnahme schützt oder er bei der Erzeugung oder dem Austausch von Schlüsseln mitwirkt und ihm dadurch die Entschlüsselung der Telekommunikation möglich ist, hat er die für diese Telekommunikation angewendeten Schutzvorkehrungen bei der an dem Übergabepunkt bereitzustellenden Überwachungskopie aufzuheben.
§ 27 Grundsätze, technische und organisatorische Umsetzung von Anordnungen, Verschwiegenheit
(1) Die zu überwachende Telekommunikation umfasst bei Überwachungsmaßnahmen nach § 5 oder § 8 des Artikel 10-Gesetzes die Telekommunikation, die auf dem in der Anordnung bezeichneten Übertragungsweg übertragen wird, einschließlich der auf diesem Übertragungsweg übermittelten, für den Auf- oder Abbau von Telekommunikationsverbindungen notwendigen vermittlungstechnischen Steuerzeichen und bei Überwachungsmaßnahmen nach den §§ 19, 24 oder 26 des BND-Gesetzes die Telekommunikation, die in der Anordnung nach § 25 Absatz 1 Satz 1 des BND-Gesetzes bezeichnet wird, einschließlich der in dieser Telekommunikation übermittelten, für den Auf- oder Abbau von Telekommunikationsverbindungen notwendigen vermittlungstechnischen Steuerzeichen. § 5 gilt mit Ausnahme von seinem Absatz 1, 2 Satz 3 und Absatz 4 Satz 2 entsprechend.
(2) Der Verpflichtete hat dem Bundesnachrichtendienst an einem Übergabepunkt im Inland eine vollständige Kopie der Telekommunikation bereitzustellen, die über die in der Anordnung bezeichneten Übertragungswege oder Telekommunikationsnetze übertragen wird.
(3) Der Verpflichtete hat in seinen Räumen die Aufstellung und den Betrieb von Geräten des Bundesnachrichtendienstes zu dulden, die nur von hierzu besonders ermächtigten Bediensteten des Bundesnachrichtendienstes eingestellt und gewartet werden dürfen und die folgende Anforderungen erfüllen: …
Delegates from around the world invited to attend the US ambassador‘s speech to the UN Human Rights Council in Geneva, turned their backs as the diplomat addressed the room in a silent protest against America‘s human rights record.
(14.10.2023)