Over 160,000 demonstrators took to the streets in France on Saturday to protest the government’s Covid-19 health pass policy, with brief clashes between largely unmasked protesters and police officers in Paris followed by wafts of tear gas that were reminiscent of the Yellow Vest turmoil of several years ago.

Similarly, in cities across Italy, thousands of people protested the government’s requirement that, as of Aug. 6, they show a so-called green pass, an extension of the European Union’s digital Covid certificate, to enter many venues.