(3rd March 2022)

– Different censorship techniques. To block websites, OONI data shows that Russian ISPs adopt the following censorship techniques (beyond throttling):

– DNS manipulation, redirecting in some cases to blockpages
– HTTP man-in-the-middle, serving blockpages
– TLS man-in-the-middle
– Injection of a RST packet after the ClientHello during the TLS handshake (most prevalent)
– Timing out the session after the ClientHello during the TLS handshake
– Closing the connection after the ClientHello during the TLS handshake