Mr. Navarro, a protectionist who has been known to engage in heated debates with the free traders in the administration, has had contentious exchanges with Dr. Anthony Fauci, the federal government’s top infectious disease expert, whose pronouncements about the measures needed to slow the spread of the virus have begun to frustrate Mr. Trump’s allies.

As the economy faces a deep recession and more than 16 million American workers have already lost jobs, Mr. Trump is deliberating when to call for an easing of the shutdown