The Spanish Supreme Court has upheld a four-and-a-half year prison conviction against Rodrigo Rato, a former banker, International Monetary Fund (IMF) chief (2004-2007) and deputy prime minister of Spain between 2003 and 2004.

In February 2017, Rato was found guilty of embezzlement in a high-profile case involving corporate credit cards used by top executives at the lenders Caja Madrid and Bankia, which Rato headed between 2010 and 2012.