Bank of China Ltd. increased its loans outstanding on U.S. properties fivefold to $2.6 billion since 2008, with most of that growth in New York, according to Trepp LLC, a mortgage data provider. The bank agreed last month to refinance the Mandarin Oriental hotel in Columbus Circle owned by Dubai’s Istithmar World PJSC. The Beijing-based state-backed bank is making inroads after European lenders including Anglo Irish Bank Corp., pulled out of the market, Commerzbank AG (CBK)’s real-estate lending unit stopped competing, and Societe Generale (GLE) SA pared assets.