Ironically, today‘s EU is already a multi-speed Europe.

Some of its most far-reaching policies are limited to certain countries, notably the euro single currency, which has only been adopted by 19 out of the EU’s 28 member states. Similarly, only 22 countries are members of the visa-free Schengen zone.

Moreover, according to EU rules, groups of at least nine member states can embark together on policies in a process called „enhanced cooperation“, without the other members’ involvement.