In the ruling, the judges said, „We thus conclude that under ordinary circumstances, the use of a cell-site simulator to locate a person through his or her cellphone invades the person‘s actual, legitimate, and reasonable expectation of privacy in his or her location information and is a search.“ They also said, „We agree with [the defendant] that the government violated the Fourth Amendment when it deployed the cell-site simulator against him without first obtaining a warrant based on probable cause.“