A comprehensive review in 2012 by the US‘ National Academy of Sciences found that „injection for disposal of waste water derived from energy technologies into the subsurface does pose some risk for induced seismicity“.
In April 2012, a study by scientists at the US Geological Survey of the interior of the US found that events of magnitude 3 or greater had „abruptly increased in 2009“ from 1.2 per year in the previous 50 years to more than 25 per year – although a number of gas and oil extraction methods may be implicated in the rise.