Shortly after Israel launched a brutal ground operation in Gaza last summer, a group of roughly a dozen American Jews began to organize in Brooklyn, seeking to protest Jewish communal organizations’ complicity in the violence. The group called itself “If Not Now” and rapidly gained support among left-leaning Jewish activists after hosting a series of public demonstrations outside the headquarters of the Conference of Presidents (the largest alliance of Jewish organizations in the United States) which culminated in the arrest of nine American Jewish activists for civil disobedience.