Ukraine converted its research reactor at the Institute for Nuclear Research in Kiev to LEU-based fuel in 2008 under the auspices of the U.S. Global Threat Reduction Initiative (GTRI). [28] President Yanukovych announced at the Washington Nuclear Security Summit in April 2010 that Ukraine give up all of this material by the time of the 2012 Seoul Nuclear Security Summit. In September 2011, Ukraine signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the United States which built upon commitments made at the 2010 Nuclear Security Summit. According to the MOU, in exchange for Ukraine‘s agreement to repatriate the HEU, the United States will build a state-of-the-art neutron source in Kharkiv for the production of medical isotopes which runs on LEU. [29] In March 2012, Ukraine announced that it had fulfilled this commitment with the removal of the last batch of highly enriched uranium to Russia.