Archiv: strategies


06.01.2023 - 18:46 [ Wall Street Journal ]

U.S.-Saudi Tensions Ease as Concerns About Iran Grow

The Biden administration has dropped threats to retaliate against Saudi Arabia for an oil-production cut last year and is moving to step up security coordination to counter Iran in 2023, U.S. and Saudi officials said, three months after ties hit a historic low point.

Officials pointed to signs of improved U.S.-Saudi cooperation in recent weeks as falling U.S. gasoline prices, better-than-expected midterm election results for Democrats, and heightened concerns about Iran take the edge off a long-simmering spat that spilled into the open in October when the Saudis rebuffed White House requests to delay the production cut.

01.12.2022 - 20:07 [ Jonah Furman / Nitter ]

People need to understand that we’ve reached this point in rail bargaining because of a failed union strategy to rely entirely on Democratic Party leadership to get a deal, and to avoid anything that could threaten that strategy, from progressive legislation to going on strike

25.11.2022 - 07:25 [ theHill.com ]

Biden mulls 2024 plans as Democrats weigh generational shift

For Biden, coming off a stronger-than-expected midterm result for Democrats is sure to factor heavily in the decision, along with the potential for a rematch against former President Trump. And while the White House has insisted for months Biden plans to run again, the president has left the door open to making a final decision after discussing with family during the holidays.

07.11.2022 - 05:11 [ PollTracker / Nitter ]

2024 National Democratic Primary Poll, Without Biden: Harris 25% Clinton 17%

(…)

07.11.2022 - 04:04 [ theHill.com ]

White House raises eyebrows with midterm strategy

One strategist dubbed the decision to keep Biden out of the hot spots as the “do no harm” strategy. It’s a reminder that Biden is energizing GOP voters, and that his faltering poll numbers are a drag on many Democratic candidates.

22.08.2022 - 06:47 [ Politico.eu ]

Iran drops ‘red line’ IRGC demand for nuclear deal: Report

Tehran did not demand in its response to a proposed agreement drafted by the EU that the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) be removed from a U.S. list of terrorist organizations, the news agency reported late Friday, citing a senior Biden administration official. Former President Donald Trump put the Guard on the list in 2019, after pulling out of the last nuclear accord — an action that imposed numerous sanctions on the military group.

16.05.2022 - 18:38 [ Haaretz ]

Rights Groups Demand Israel Stop Arming neo-Nazis in Ukraine

(Jul. 9, 2018)

A group of more than 40 human rights activists have filed a petition with the High Court of Justice, demanding the cessation of Israeli arms exports to Ukraine.

They argue that these weapons serve forces that openly espouse a neo-Nazi ideology and cite evidence that the right-wing Azov militia, whose members are part of Ukraine’s armed forces, and are supported by the country’s ministry of internal affairs, is using these weapons.

10.05.2022 - 11:08 [ Yahoo.com ]

In wink to Ukraine and Britain, Macron suggests new European entity

He said this „European political community“ would be open to democratic European nations adhering to its core values in areas such as political cooperation, security, cooperation in energy, transport, investment of infrastructure or circulation of people.

„Joining it would not necessarily prejudge future EU membership,“ he said. „Nor would it be closed to those who left it.“

10.05.2022 - 11:01 [ BBC ]

Ukraine bid to join EU will take decades says Macron

In a speech to the EU’s parliament in Strasbourg, he instead suggested Ukraine could join a „parallel European community“ while it awaited a decision.

This would allow non-EU members to join Europe’s security architecture in other ways, said President Macron.

05.05.2022 - 12:58 [ Yahoo.com ]

U.S. says it is now preparing for a world both with and without an Iran nuclear deal

„Because a mutual return to compliance with the JCPOA is very much an uncertain proposition, we are now preparing equally for either scenario,“ Department spokesperson Ned Price said in a briefing.

01.05.2022 - 18:31 [ businessinsider.com ]

Blinken says a sovereign Ukraine will last longer than Putin in vote of confidence for Zelenskyy

„The bottom line is this. We don’t how the rest of this war will unfold, but we do know that a sovereign, independent Ukraine will be around a lot longer than Vladimir Putin is on the scene. And our support for Ukraine going forward will continue and it will continue until we see final success.“

01.05.2022 - 18:28 [ Theresa Fallon / Twitter ]

US Defense Secretary Austin replied to question on how US defined goals for success in #Ukraine. He replied that Washington wants to see “Ukraine remain a sovereign country, a democratic country, able to protect its sovereign territory.”

(25.04.2022)

22.04.2022 - 16:36 [ theGuardian.com ]

Russian commander suggests plan is for permanent occupation of south Ukraine

A senior Russian military commander has said that the goal of Russia’s new offensive is to seize control of southern Ukraine and form a land bridge to Crimea, indicating that Russia plans a permanent occupation of Ukrainian territory taken in the war.

Rustam Minnekayev, acting commander of the central military district, also told members of a defence industry forum on Friday that control over southern Ukraine would give Russia access to Transnistria, a pro-Russian breakaway region of Moldova, indicating that Russia may attack the port city of Odesa.

21.04.2022 - 19:27 [ @khan_1995hp / Twitter ]

After stabilization of the situation in the liberated territories of the Kharkiv region, a referendum may be held, head of the provisional civil administration Vitaly Ganchev told RIA Novosti

21.04.2022 - 19:22 [ Jerusalem Post / Twitter ]

Russia has reportedly begun to consolidate power in areas of Ukraine under its control, shaking up the leadership of the Luhansk People’s Republic and trying to push a referendum in Kherson.

21.04.2022 - 19:05 [ theNationalnews.com ]

Ukraine fears Russia will hold sham referendum in occupied Kherson

(Apr 18, 2022)

Human rights commissioner Lyudmila Denisova said Russian forces were distributing propaganda material telling people in occupied Kherson that Moscow was acting for their benefit.

She said leaflets handed out “blame the Ukrainians themselves and their chosen government” for the aggression against their country, echoing the Kremlin’s messaging about the invasion.

21.04.2022 - 19:00 [ theGuardian.com ]

Putin wants ‘Korean scenario’ for Ukraine, says intelligence chief

(27.03.2022)

Vladimir Putin is seeking to split Ukraine into two, emulating the postwar division between North and South Korea, the invaded country’s military intelligence chief has said.

In comments that raise the prospect of a long and bitter frozen conflict, Gen Kyrylo Budanov, who foretold of Russia’s invasion as far back as November, warned of bloody guerrilla warfare.

02.04.2022 - 07:20 [ theHill.com ]

As Russian forces move east, Ukraine digs in against losing Donbas

As the chances fade that Russia will decapitate Ukraine’s government and seize the capital, concerns are growing that Moscow could seek to force Kyiv to give up part of its territory to end the five-week war and eke out some form of victory.

Ukrainian leaders warned of such a possibility this week, saying they will not accept any peace deal that requires ceding land.

09.01.2022 - 09:53 [ ebcnew.in ]

More then 1.4 million citizens marched in four different protests in Paris against President Macron’s

Emmanuel Macron denounced France’s 5 million unvaccinated as „non-citizens“ and vows: „I really want to piss them off. And so we will continue to do so, to the bitter end. That’s the strategy.“

11.09.2021 - 11:56 [ CNN ]

America’s response to 9/11 was as damaging as the attack. It’s not too late to change course

So, what is the straight line that I see drawn from there to here? As others have asked, was 9/11 a day, a moment, or a whole era-defining shift in America’s understanding and vision of itself at home and abroad? Did the response to 9/11 do as much damage as the attack itself?
I have concluded the answer is yes. My own question is if 20 years on this can be recalibrated, or whether bin Laden’s attack was actually the beginning of the end of American empire.

10.09.2021 - 19:44 [ NBC News ]

‚A heavy price‘: Two decades of war, wariness and the post-9/11 security state

What Biden outlined was pointedly not an end to the post-9/11 era. Rather, it was a much narrower admission that an idea once shared by conservatives, liberals and foreign policy elites, including Biden himself — that the U.S. could use force to destroy other societies and then rebuild them in America’s image — had proved a failure. And it was an acknowledgment that the nature of warfare, not the enemy, has changed for the world’s pre-eminent superpower.

21.08.2021 - 13:35 [ New York Times ]

Pompeo Delivers R.N.C. Speech From Israel, With Eye Toward 2024

(25.08.2020)

No sitting secretary of state had previously addressed a national political convention in at least 75 years.

21.08.2021 - 12:00 [ theGuardian.com ]

David Petraeus‘ bright idea: give terrorists weapons to beat terrorists

(2.9.2015)

Former CIA director David Petraeus is advocating giving arms to members of al-Nusra Front, an al-Qaida off-shoot, to beat Isis. That is madness

21.08.2021 - 11:49 [ DailyMail.co.uk ]

General David Petraeus tells Biden it was premature to leave Afghanistan because Al Qaeda was always ‚going to come back‘ and the Afghan forces were ’not sustainable‘

– Petraeus commanded forces in Afghanistan and Iraq and helped formulate ‚counterinsurgency‘ strategies
– He criticized Biden’s decision to pull out of Afghanistan in a New Yorker interview
– Disagreed with decision to pull out liaison, special forces trainers, contractors
– Said it began an epidemic of ’surrender‘ for the Afghans
– Called departure ‚premature‘ but didn’t say how much more time was needed
– Warned Al Qaeda could reemerge
– Acknowledged ‚overbuilt‘ nation-building aspects, but said it was necessary for a hand-off
– Biden said the U.S. could not fight when Afghans were unwilling to do so
– ‚To say that the Afghans won’t fight for their country needs an asterisk‘

07.03.2021 - 20:48 [ Haaretz ]

Netanyahu’s Likud Worried Supporters Won’t Bother to Vote in Israeli Election

The party believed that the COVID vaccination rollout would highlight all of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s advantages: an international leader with vision, connections and strategy who resolved the coronavirus crisis before any other country. Last week Netanyahu tried a new message – only he can bring in another 36 million vaccine doses and establish a vaccine factory here. But according to Likud polling, this message did not sink in; it has raised hackles and is going to be shelved.

18.02.2021 - 15:29 [ SeekingAlpha.com ]

SolarWinds breach launched from within the United States

Neuberger notably said the attack, which compromised „9 federal agencies and about 100 private companies,“ was launched from inside the United States.
SolarWinds shares are down 1.4%. Two security names closely tied to the hack, FireEye (FEYE -3.2%) and CrowdStrike (CRWD -2.5%), are also in the red.

18.02.2021 - 15:28 [ CNN ]

Biden administration says investigation into SolarWinds hack is likely to take „several months“

The US government’s probe into the devastating SolarWinds breach is likely to take „several months“ at least, according to the top White House cybersecurity official, speaking to reporters Wednesday in the Biden administration’s first public assessment of the gravity of the suspected Russian spying campaign.

01.02.2021 - 21:24 [ COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium ]

COVID-19 Genomics UK Consortium

The current COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, represents a major threat to health. The COVID-19 Genomics UK (COG-UK) consortium has been created to deliver large-scale and rapid whole-genome virus sequencing to local NHS centres and the UK government.

COG-UK is made up of an innovative partnership of NHS organisations, the four Public Health Agencies of the UK, the Wellcome Sanger Institute and over twelve academic partners providing sequencing and analysis capacity.

01.02.2021 - 21:17 [ Regierung des Vereinigten Königreichs - Gov.uk ]

Genome UK: the future of healthcare

(26 September 2020)

Genome UK sets out how the genomics community will work together to harness the latest advances in genetic and genomic science, research, and technology for the benefit of patients.

Our vision is to create the most advanced genomic healthcare ecosystem in the world, where government, the NHS, research and technology communities work together to embed the latest advances in patient care.

Our goal is that patients in the UK will benefit from world-first advances in genomic healthcare through globally leading collaborations between the government, NHS and researchers, building on already successful programmes such as the 100,000 Genomes Project, delivered by NHS England and Genomics England, and UK Biobank.

19.12.2020 - 21:22 [ CNBC ]

Trump contradicts Pompeo, plays down alleged Russian role in cyberattack

Trump’s comments in the form of Twitter posts on Saturday went against comments his secretary of state made less than 24 hours earlier.
SolarWinds, the company at the center of the attack, has not yet blamed any one country.

19.12.2020 - 12:27 [ federalnewsnetwork.com ]

SolarWinds breach raises stakes for NDAA Trump still threatens to veto

Sen. Angus King (I-Maine) said the breach makes a clear case for the work of the Cyberspace Solarium Commission and the cyber provisions that made it into the annual defense policy bill passed by the House and Senate.

“This is the most important bill on cyber ever passed by Congress, and that’s why I’m really hoping that the president will either sign the bill or let it become law without a signature, because there is so much critically important material in the bill,” King said during an annual summit hosted by Defense One.

19.12.2020 - 12:24 [ Cyberspace Solarium Commission ]

Cyberspace Solarium Commission

The Cyberspace Solarium Commission (CSC) was established in the John S. McCain National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2019 to „develop a consensus on a strategic approach to defending the United States in cyberspace against cyber attacks of significant consequences.“ The finished report was presented to the public on March 11, 2020.

Our Report

The Cyberspace Solarium Commission’s proposes a strategy of layered cyber deterrence. Our report consists of over 80 recommendations to implement the strategy. These recommendations are organized into 6 pillars:

– Reform the U.S. Government’s Structure and Organization for Cyberspace.

– Strengthen Norms and Non-Military Tools.

– Promote National Resilience.

– Reshape the Cyber Ecosystem.

– Operationalize Cybersecurity Collaboration with the Private Sector.

– Preserve and Employ the Military Instrument of National Power.

18.10.2020 - 22:40 [ Fox News ]

Trump adviser says POTUS will give Biden ‚more room‘ to answer foreign policy questions in next debate

Miller said that the debate’s focus on foreign policy will be „perfect“ in light of Biden’s past support for „endless wars,“ President Trump’s success with recent peace deals, and the issue of whether the emails bearing Hunter Biden’s name are authentic.

15.10.2020 - 04:28 [ theHill.com ]

Team Biden’s new strategy: Run out the clock

Call it the don’t-touch-anything strategy.

Team Biden knows they’re ahead against President Trump, with national polls showing Democratic presidential nominee Joe Biden above the 50 percent mark. And with under three weeks to go until Election Day, the campaign has been doing just enough to keep things where they are as the clock ticks down to Nov. 3.

23.09.2020 - 03:50 [ Haaretz ]

Gantz Meets Kushner in Washington Discusses Israel’s Military Edge, Additional Peace Deals

Gantz is also expected to meet with U.S. Defense Secretary Mark Esper and other Pentagon officials in Washington on Tuesday, the Defense Ministry said Monday.

Gantz is also set to discuss international policy vis-à-vis Iran and strategy for stopping its expansion and entrenchment in the Middle East.

26.08.2020 - 06:55 [ New York Times ]

Pompeo Delivers R.N.C. Speech From Israel, With Eye Toward 2024

No sitting secretary of state had previously addressed a national political convention in at least 75 years.

18.08.2020 - 07:58 [ United Steelworkers ]

What A Day: Rev. Dr. William Barber II adresses the USW (FULL)

(August 11, 2014)

Rev. Dr. William Barber II delivers a down right, electrifying, knockout and empowering speech to the delegates of the 2014 United Steelworkers Constitutional Convention.

18.08.2020 - 07:53 [ Repairers of the Breach / Youtube ]

Extremists Stole the Playbook of the Civil and Union Rights Movements

Rev. Dr. William J. Barber II speaking at the United Steelworkers union convention, August 13, 2014.

29.02.2020 - 15:44 [ Haaretz ]

Netanyahu’s Willing to Burn Israel Down for a Couple of Knesset Seats

Just as General Sherman launched his famous march to the sea during the U.S. Civil War and en route, in order to win, put to the torch everything he came across – buildings, cattle and the city of Atlanta – so Benjamin Netanyahu is doing with his scorched-earth doctrine. For one or two more Knesset seats, he’s ready to burn down the entire country.

The strategy of the late political consultant Arthur Finkelstein, to which the prime minister has subscribed for almost three decades now – namely, that the only way to win an election is by running a negative campaign – has taken over our political sphere.

12.01.2020 - 00:46 [ The Hill / Youtube ]

Krystal & Saagar: Pelosi’s impotence on full display with War Power, Impeachment failure

Krystal & Saagar: Pelosi’s impotence on full display with War Power, Impeachment failure

31.12.2019 - 20:17 [ CNN / Twitter ]

“I don’t understand what our strategy is and I think the President made a major mistake when he pulled out of the nuclear agreement when Iran was in compliance.” @SenatorCardin reacts the airstrikes carried out by Washington against an Iran-backed militia group in Iraq and Syria.

25.12.2019 - 15:31 [ The Hill / Youtube ]

Is impeachment a 2020 disaster in the making?

Team Rising takes a look at how impeachment will play out in 2020.

25.12.2019 - 15:11 [ The Hill / Youtube ]

Panel: Dems embrace of neocon ‚Never Trumpers‘ is a disaster

Team Rising ponders why the ‚Never Trumpers‘ still think they matter in the Republican party

24.12.2019 - 16:05 [ theHill.com ]

Poll: Trump approval rating nears 50 percent heading into 2020

Forty-nine percent of Americans surveyed said they approve of the president’s job performance, up from 46 percent from the previous Dec. 8-9 poll. Fifty-one percent said they disapprove, a drop from 54 percent earlier this month.

22.12.2019 - 19:10 [ Jerusalem Post ]

Stav Shaffir preparing to run on her own in Green Party

“I am calling for open primaries for the list, which would bring new energy to the camp and enable setting the list according to the will of the public and not a political deal among political hacks. I will continue to fight for our constituents who believed in our path to be represented in the Knesset.”

But just in case, Shaffir hired campaign staff in order to run independently as head of the Green Party, which would also include former Zionist Union MK Yael Cohen-Paran.

19.12.2019 - 02:07 [ ABC News ]

Trump impeachment vote live updates: Final arguments underway

A full day of debate will end soon with final votes in the Democrat-led House.

19.12.2019 - 01:57 [ Guardian News / Youtube ]

House of Representatives vote on Trump impeachment – watch live

The Democratic-led US House of Representatives votes on whether to impeach President Donald Trump, setting up trial in the Republican-controlled Senate

18.12.2019 - 21:59 [ Gallup.com ]

Trump Approval Inches Up, While Support for Impeachment Dips

Currently, 46% support impeachment and removal, down six percentage points from the first reading after House Speaker Nancy Pelosi announced the impeachment inquiry. Meanwhile, 51% oppose impeachment and removal — up five percentage points over the same period.

18.12.2019 - 21:53 [ CNN ]

Warning lights are flashing for Democrats as they prepare to impeach Trump

Those results largely affirm other data out over the past week or so that suggest support for impeachment has dipped. In a CNN national poll released earlier this week, 45% said they supported the impeachment and removal of the President — down from 50% who said the same in a mid-November CNN survey. That same poll showed opposition to impeachment/removal at 46%, up 4 points from mid-November. And a CNN „poll of polls“ — an average of all six most recent quality/credible national polling conducted between December 4 and December 15 — showed 46% favored impeachment and removal as compared to 49% who did not.

14.09.2019 - 09:08 [ Yale.edu ]

United States Policy on the Khmer Rouge regime, 1975-1979

1. Kenton Clymer, The United States and Cambodia, 1969-2000: A Troubled Relationship(New York and London: Routledge, 2004)

2. Secretary of State Henry Kissinger discusses the Khmer Rouge regime with Thailand’s Foreign Minister Chatichai, November 26, 1975

Kissinger: “You should also tell the Cambodians that we will be friends with them. They are murderous thugs, but we won’t let that stand in our way. We are prepared to improve relations with them.”

3. Ford and Kissinger discuss Cambodia with Indonesia’s President Suharto, Jakarta, December 5, 1975

4. Former US National Security Adviser, Zbigniew Brzezinski, on China and the Khmer Rouge, 1979:

“I encouraged the Chinese to support Pol Pot. Pol Pot was an abomination. We could never support him, but China could.” According to Brzezinski, the USA “winked, semi-publicly” at Chinese and Thai aid to the Khmer Rouge.

14.09.2019 - 09:04 [ Wikipedia ]

Allegations of United States support for the Khmer Rouge

There are allegations that the United States (U.S.) directly armed the Khmer Rouge during the Cambodian–Vietnamese War in order to weaken the influence of Vietnam and the Soviet Union in Southeast Asia. It is not disputed that the United States encouraged the government of China to provide military training and support for the Khmer Rouge and that the United States voted for the Khmer Rouge to remain the official representative of the country in the United Nations even after 1979 when the Khmer Rouge was mostly deposed by Vietnam and ruled just a small part of the country.[1][2][3]

Additional alleged U.S. actions that benefited the Khmer Rouge range from tolerating Chinese and Thai aid to the organization (Henry Kissinger) to, according to Michael Haas, directly arming the Khmer Rouge. The U.S. government officially denies these claims, and Nate Thayer defended U.S. policy, arguing that little, if any, American aid actually reached the Khmer Rouge. However, it is not disputed that the U.S. voted for the Khmer Rouge, and later, for the Coalition Government of Democratic Kampuchea (CGDK), which was dominated by the Khmer Rouge, to retain Cambodia’s United Nations (UN) seat until 1982 and 1991, respectively.

04.09.2019 - 17:05 [ Haaretz ]

The Arab World Just Handed Netanyahu Its Most Powerful Weapon

Within Israel, Netanyahu’s Arabic-speaking mouthpieces amplify the ridicule, sarcastically „calling out“ Arab leaders on social media for their „treason“ and weakness, whenever they engage in normalization.

Added to that, the role of the Mossad in setting up the back channels that lead to Israeli politicians meeting Gulf leaders – despite being part of the secret service’s brief in states where no diplomatic relations exist – gives the impression that this form of normalization is part of a black ops scheme whose real purpose is still covert.

27.08.2019 - 01:23 [ Boston Globe ]

Joe Kennedy kept his head down for his first couple terms in Congress. Then Trump became president

(25.08.2019)

The vision he offered was of a capitalism that would be judged, he said, “not just by how much it produces, but how widely it shares; how good it does for how many; and how well it takes care of all of us.”

The speech amounted to an effort to guide his party toward a vision for how to tackle one of the most salient issues facing the country: the growing divide between the very rich and everyone else.

28.04.2019 - 19:03 [ Jacobin ‏/ Twitter ]

We sat down with Podemos MP Txema Guijarro to talk about today’s election, the party’s strategy, and its transformative program focused on the Green New Deal.

24.10.2018 - 07:29 [ Vanity Fair ]

“Jared Went from Running Point on the Mideast to Running”: With M.B.S. and the Khashoggi Murder, Trump Is in a Trap Kushner Helped Build

Insisting on thinking outside the box, Jared Kushner pushed Trump to build his Mideast strategy on M.B.S. and the Saudis. Now the West Wing is left with few good options. And some are joking that Kushner is probably going to take off soon for a well-timed vacation.

24.10.2018 - 07:19 [ Times of Israel ]

Khashoggi’s killing threatens Trump dreams for Israeli-Palestinian peace

Saudi Arabia’s powerful crown prince, Mohammed bin Salman, was meant to be the linchpin of the plan, providing key diplomatic cover to both Israelis and Palestinians. But with the Saudi prince’s credibility facing serious questions following Khashoggi’s death, US President Donald Trump may soon have to rethink his Mideast strategy.

“It definitely complicates their plans to release their proposal, if indeed they have one,” said Dan Shapiro, who served as former US president Barack Obama’s ambassador to Israel.

25.05.2018 - 10:17 [ Yonhap ]

Pompeo says dialogue efforts to continue: Seoul ministry

U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo said Friday his country remains committed to dialogue with North Korea despite President Donald Trump’s decision to call off his summit talks with the communist nation’s leader next month, according to Seoul’s foreign ministry.

Pompeo made the remarks in his phone conversation with Foreign Minister Kang Kyung-wha to exchange views on related situations and coordinate a strategy.

20.05.2018 - 16:33 [ Paul Craig Roberts ]

Pentagon Concludes America Not Safe Unless It Conquers The World — Paul Craig Roberts

(10.7.2015) The Pentagon has released its “National Military Strategy of the United States of America 2015,” June 2015.
The document announces a shift in focus from terrorists to “state actors” that “are challenging international norms.” It is important to understand what these words mean. Governments that challenge international norms are sovereign countries that pursue policies independently of Washington’s policies. These “revisionist states” are threats, not because they plan to attack the US, which the Pentagon admits neither Russia nor China intend, but because they are independent. In other words, the norm is dependence on Washington.

08.05.2018 - 11:15 [ Yomiuri Shimbun ]

INSIGHTS into the WORLD / What the ‘Indo-Pacific’ means for Japan

The Australian government adopted the “Indo-Pacific” term in 2012 as a pivotal idea in its diplomacy. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe used the same term for the first time in August 2016 during the Sixth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD VI), held in Nairobi, when he unveiled a “free and open Indo-Pacific strategy.”